Double Cervix with Normal Uterus and Vagina - An Unclassified Müllerian Anomaly

Müllerian anomalies are very common, and a frequent cause of infertility. The most used classification system until now, proposed by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in 1988, categorizes comprehensively uterine anomalies but fails to classify defects of the cervix or vagina. This is based on a developmental theory that postulates that müllerian duct fusion is unidirectional, beginning caudally and extending cranially, which does not account for isolated cervical or vaginal defects. More recently, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology developed a consensus which allows for independent cervical anomalies. We present a case of a 39-year-old woman with secondary infertility, found to have a cervical duplication in an antero-posterior disposition, which puts into question the principles of embryology formerly known but supports the theory that development happens in a segmentary fashion.